Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Sciences

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Atun Roy Choudhury, B. Koteswara Rao, D. Laxman Kumar, Neha Singh, M.V. Praveen Kumar, A Leelavathi, Lakshmi Prasad Boyina, S.U. Abitha Begum

The quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is escalating at an alarming rate with every passing year alongside the modernization of our economy. Unfortunately, the majority of this waste remains uncollected or ends up in open dumping and followed by uncontrolled burning. Citing the deep-rooted consequences, open dumping should be absolutely abandoned and scientific interventions should be aggressively exercised to reclaim the municipal brownfields. The present research work undertook the judicial task of assessing the comparative feasibility of biomining and scientific capping as a technology selection for reclamation of about a decade old 120 million tons of waste chunk laying at Jawahar Nagar dump yard. Primary dump samples were collected from various locations, considering depth as a variable. While leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Malkaram lake and preinstalled borewells receptively. Additionally, the ambient air quality and noise level also been ascertained within the buffer zone. The blended representative solid sample was segregated using a 70 mm mesh size trommel into organic and inorganic fractions. The organic fraction was composted using a lab-scale aerobic static pile composting (ASPC) while the trommel reject was processed as refuse derived fuel (RDF). Evidently, the compost lagged quality and depicted nutrient deficiency. While the burning of RDF produced siloxane gas, significantly due to elevated silicon level in the primary waste. Furthermore, due to the prolonged leaching tenure and seasonal dilution, the concentration of legacy leachate was relatively weaker. Borewell samples collected from a depth of 20 feet also portrayed minor contamination up to 500 meters horizontal radius. The issue of leachability can solely be resolved with the capping of the existing dump and the end product quality derived from the biomining process is highly questionable. Thus, handling such large quantity capping is a befitting option over biomining for Jawahar Nagar dumpsite.        

Selenium (Se) as well as mercury (Hg) may influence the methylation and toxicity of inorganic arsenic, but further research is needed with combination of Inorgarsenic, Se, and Hg

Uttam Kumar Chowdhury

One of the largest public health problems at present is the drinking of water containing levels of Inorg-As that are known to be carcinogenic. At least 200 million people globally are at risk of dying because of arsenic (As) in their drinking water1-3. The chronic ingestion of Inorg-As can results in skin cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, and cancer of other organs1-3. The maximum contamination level (MCL) of U.S. drinking water for arsenic is 10 ug/L. The arsenic related public health problem in the U.S. is not at present anywhere near that of India4, Bangladesh4, and other countries5. 

Triangle of Environment, Water and Energy: A Sociological Appraisal

Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi

Modern sociology has a special look at the three associated variables of environment, water and energy. The three variables are not in a harmonial state in many parts of the globe. Some have access to two, or not sufficient to one. Only a few countries are in an equilibrium state of the three. For example, many African countries are in short fall of water and energy. What sociologists suggest is to bring about resources enough as far as the three parts are concerned. In the past, the threefold relationship was less considered and measured, but currently with the heavy weight of population over 7.8 billion world over (WPDS, 2020), balance between the three is inevitable. While population all over the world has increased considerably, water resources have not increased in the same way. Moreover, in the past, population dependency on energy was not that much. But, in the industrial age of today, man is highly in need of energy of different types to maintain life. However, waste and wastewater have become problematic in current age and in most parts of the world. The emerging situation is polluting environment, seas and water streams. It is more observable in less developed world than the developed world. Therefore, the water and energy crisis is wide and ongoing. It is discussed elaborately in the present article. However, national security could be accessible only if water-energy policies are there (Bauer et el. 2014).

Sauaedafruticusa is hyperaccumulator of chromium and lead

Adnan Hussain, Asad Meer, Hasnain Abbas, Aquib Nazar, Adnan shoukat, Hafeez Ullah

Suaedafruticosa grows under highly saline conditions. Salinity stress is one of the main abiotic stresses in arid and semi-arid regions restricting crop production (Chekroun-Bechlaghemet al., 2019; Ksouri et al., 2012). Shah et al. (2020) suggested that S. fruticosacan be planted for re-establishment on arid-saline lands and cultivated as an unconventional edible or cash crop. Nearly 500 plant species have been known to hyperaccumulate heavy metals (Pollard et al. 2014). Hyperaccumulating plants can accumulate metals in parts of their roots and shoot from the contaminated soils. The qualities and systems of hyperaccumulation in the extraction of metals and furthermore distinguish the types of hyperaccumulation dependent on the plant's bioavailability of the metals.

Will Catalysts Save Our Environment

Suryakiran Navath

If you own a car, then at some point in your life, you’ll end up having to go to the mechanic to address any emergent car troubles. You may experience engine troubles, slower acceleration, or smoke coming out of your car’s exhaust, only to find out that you have a “bad cat.” What do these cute little furballs have to do with cars? 

Isolation And Characterization Of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria From Different Environmental Soil Samples

Abrar Hussain Mian

Biosurfactants are natural substances produced by several bacterial and fungal organisms that are amphiphilic and are extracellular (a part of the cell membrane) (Chen et al., 2007; Ghayyomiet al., 2012). Main purpose of the bio-surfactantsgeneration or production is a consequence of financial availability (Van Dyke et al., 1993 It is reported that almost 50 percent of the world's surfactants are used because of the need for cleaning agents as well as the rate of growth grows every day (Deleu and Paquot, 2004). Appropriate use of bio-surfactants will control environmental emissions what these are the most dangerous, constantly rising gradually and disrupting the routine maintenance of life every day. Awareness campaign initiatives have been introduced and also increase for environmental laws, various innovative approaches need to be implemented and even the issue of pollution focused entirely. Developing appropriate advanced technologies to help clear up chemicals and toxins from the ecosystem, like hydrocarbons (both inorganic and organic). Studies on biosurfactants are being launched by scholars and researchers with significant health issues like adverse environmental effects, air contamination, environmental change, and waste management (Makkar and Cameotra, 2002 Biosurfactants contribute to expanded demand for such microbial products as alternatives to chemical surfactants (Benatet al., 2000).

Microbes seem to have the capability to degrade contaminants, but their biodegradation is limited leading to hydrophobicity, low solubility in water, and inadequate bioavailability, of such pollutants (Patil, et al., 2012). GhayyomiJazeh, Mishraet. al (2001) those bacteria that produce biosurfactants were isolated from the site of petroleum spills and afterward, 160 strains and as well as 59 strains were able to produce biosurfactants have shown better performance in a test for hemolysis of blood, and 45 strains with positive findings within oil spread experiment were applied in the laboratory to isolate and segregate the media cultured Banat process (Rahman et al., 2002) These were observed and researched that biosurfactants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp are most likely to disrupt the bonding of hydrocarbons like nonadecane, octa, Hexa, and hepta, in marine Water contaminated  with oil spills up To approximately 47%, 53%, 73% and 60%(Abrar et al., 2020). Current study concluded that the isolated strain having the ability to degrade hydrocarbon as well as the ability to degrade the heavy metal. The strain also can protect the plant from various diseases. The present research found that the isolated strain is capable of degrading hydrocarbon while also being capable of degrading the heavy metal.  As well as the strain does have the capability to defend plants from different diseases.

Assessment of Effects of Motivation on Production Operatives in The Nigerian Construction Industry

Fagbemi, K.B, Tongo, S.O, Hassan, Y.O., OLAOYE, A.O

This study investigates the effect of motivation on operatives’ productivity in the Nigerian construction sector. The purposes of this study are to inform the management of contracting firms in Nigeria construction industry about the critical motivational factors that affects operatives’ productivity. The study was conducted by administering questionnaires to people of allied professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. To satisfy the aim of this study, 70 respondents were administered questionnaire, which were analyzed using ranking and percentile. The results showed there were 24 factors which motivate operatives towards improved productivity in the construction industry of Nigeria. The study also found that intrinsic factors have a stronger effect than extrinsic factors in motivating operatives. The study concludes that work itself is the most critical factor that motivates operatives towards improved productivity and recommends that operatives be encouraged by motivation, to make sure that they identify with the organization.

Energy Efficient for Heat Exchanger Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

A. M. Omer

Scientifically, it is difficult to predict the relationship between global temperature and greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The climate system contains many processes that will change if warming occurs. Critical processes include heat transfer by winds and tides, the hydrological cycle involving evaporation, precipitation, runoff and groundwater and the formation of clouds, snow, and ice, all of which display enormous natural variability. The equipment and infrastructure for energy supply and use are designed with long lifetimes, and the premature turnover of capital stock involves significant costs. Economic benefits occur if capital stock is replaced with more efficient equipment in step with its normal replacement cycle. Likewise, if opportunities to reduce future emissions are taken in a timely manner, they should be less costly.